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International Trade and Food Security in Asia
Food security in Asia has generally been defined in terms of three important elements, namely, food availability, stability of supply and access to food. The first refers to the ability of a country to provide enough food for its ever-growing population. The second element concerns the capacity of the markets to provide a stable supply of food. The third relates to the economic and physical ability of the population to obstain the food necessary for a healthy life. Many of the developng countries in Asia are food deficit countries, particularly with regard to their main staple foods, rice and wheat. Only a few (e.g., Thailand and Vietnam) are surplus producing countries that are able to make significant export to the world markets. Great progress, however, has been attained in some countries such as India in terms of foood availability and access, but food in scurity remains a serious problem. Trade has enabled countries to resort to imports to solve their food deficit problems. But while the liberalization of trade has facilitated the importation of a wider variety of food items, the consequent changes in consumption patternshave led to an increasein the incidence of diet-related diseases in some countries (e.g., the Republic of Korea).
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