book
A Splendid Exchange
This book is organized as follows : Chapters 1 and 2 deal with the origins of world trade, beginning with the first fragmentary evidence of long range commerce during the Stone Age. The unmistakable footprints of trade in the earliest Mesopotamian records tell of the exportation of surplus grain well as the important of strategic metals, particularly copper, utterly lacking in its alluvial soil. This earliest axis of trade ran three thousand miles from the hills of Anatolia, through Mesopotamia, out the the Persian hubs of this trade were the successive great centers at Ur, Akkad, Babylon, and Niveneh. The volume and sophistication of trade through these cities slowly expanded over time, first in the Middle East, then spread westward through Mediterranean and out into Europe's Atlantic coast, and eastward all the way to China. By the time Rome fell, goods moved through scores of hands, all the way between London and the Han Chinese capital at Chang-an. The end of the Roman Empire in the West provides a natural caesura between the world of vigorous ancient trade and the era that followed.
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